By Jonathan Taopo
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February 22, 2025
Before we talk about side effects, let’s first go over what a surgical abortion is. While you likely know that it’s the process of ending a pregnancy, many don’t understand what happens during a medical abortion. The Open Arms Pregnancy Clinic does not perform or refer for abortion. We’re here to help you understand the procedure and all of your pregnancy options. Surgical abortions involve surgical removal of the fetus from the uterus. There are several types of surgical abortions each varying based on the stage of the pregnancy. Regardless of the stage of the pregnancy, a surgical abortion will entail some form of dilation of the cervix to give the abortion provider access to the pregnancy and provide a way for the pregnancy to pass from the uterus. The fetus will either be removed through suction or scraping. WHAT ARE THE POTENTIAL SIDE EFFECTS AND RISKS OF ABORTION? When considering any medical procedure, it’s important to do some research on the potential side effects and risks you might experience. The same can be said about abortion. Whether you’re looking into abortion as an option for your pregnancy, researching for a friend, or you have a confirmed appointment for an abortion, gaining knowledge about the procedure is an important step in making an informed decision. Although serious physical complications are infrequent in early abortions, they do increase with later abortions 1 These side effects and risks include: HEAVY BLEEDING 2 Although bleeding after an abortion is normal, there is a risk of severe bleeding which is known as hemorrhaging. This severe bleeding can occur due to cervical tears, retained tissue, punctures in the uterus, or the uterus failing to contract after being emptied. Depending on the cause of the hemorrhage, a scraping of the uterus (D&C) or other surgical procedure may need to be done to stop the bleeding. The scarring that can occur from sharp curettage (D&C) may lead to infertility. Though rare, if these subsequent procedures do not stop the hemorrhage, a hysterectomy (removal of the uterus) may be required to stop the bleeding. INCOMPLETE ABORTION 3 When fetal tissue remains in the uterus after an abortion is over, this is referred to as an incomplete abortion. It can cause severe bleeding and infection, and a D&C may be required to remove any remaining fetal tissue. INFECTION 4 Insertion of instruments during the procedure or retained fetal tissue may lead to infection. Although infrequent, whole body infection, or sepsis, may occur and can be life-threatening. Pelvic infection can lead to the scarring of pelvic organs which could create complications such as infertility and increased risk of ectopic pregnancy. 5 ANESTHESIA COMPLICATION 6 Known risks of certain anesthesia include heart complications, convulsions, anaphylactic shock (which can be life-threatening). I’M PREGNANT — WHAT DO I DO? Are you experiencing an unplanned pregnancy? You’re not alone. In fact, many women experience unintended pregnancies each year. While it’s normal to feel worried or scared, remember that you have options. Here at Open Arms, we’re passionate about guiding women through unplanned pregnancies by providing clinical pregnancy testing, an ultrasound to confirm pregnancy, resources, options education, and much more. Contact us today. 1.1 Paul, E. S. Lichtenberg, L. Borgata, D. A. Grimes, P. G. Stubblefield, & M.D. Creinin (Eds.), 2009. Medical abortion in early pregnancy in Management of unintended and abnormal pregnancy: Comprehensive abortion care (pp.135-92). Chichester, UK: Wiley-Blackwell. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/book/10.1002/9781444313031 1.2 Paul, E. S. Lichtenberg, L. Borgata, D. A. Grimes, P. G. Stubblefield, & M.D. Creinin (Eds.), 2009. Medical abortion in early pregnancy in Management of unintended and abnormal pregnancy: Surgical complications: Prevention and management (pp. 224-51). Chichester, UK: Wiley-Blackwell. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/book/10.1002/9781444313031 2.1 Paul, E. S. Lichtenberg, L. Borgata, D. A. Grimes, P. G. Stubblefield, & M.D. Creinin (Eds.), 2009. Medical abortion in early pregnancy in Management of unintended and abnormal pregnancy: Surgical complication: Prevention and management. (pp.243-44). Chichester, UK: Wiley-Blackwell. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/book/10.1002/9781444313031 2.2 Smikle C, Yarrarrapu SNS, Khetarpal S. Asherman Syndrome. [Updated 2022 Jun 27]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL):StatPearls Publishing; 2023 Jan-Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK448088/ 2.3 Cleveland Clinic. (2022, January 8). Asherman’s Syndrome: What is it, symptoms & treatment. Retrieved from https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/16561-ashermans-syndrome 3 Paul, E. S. Lichtenberg, L. Borgata, D. A. Grimes, P. G. Stubblefield, & M.D. Creinin (Eds.), 2009. Medical abortion in early pregnancy in Management of unintended and abnormal pregnancy: Surgical complications: Prevention and management. (pp.228-32). Chichester, UK: Wiley-Blackwell. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/book/10.1002/9781444313031 4 Paul, E. S. Lichtenberg, L. Borgata, D. A. Grimes, P. G. Stubblefield, & M.D. Creinin (Eds.), 2009. Medical abortion in early pregnancy in Management of unintended and abnormal pregnancy: Surgical complications: Prevention and management. (pp.234-39). Chichester, UK: Wiley-Blackwell. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/book/10.1002/9781444313031 5 Stevenson MM, Radcliffe KW. Preventing pelvic infection after abortion. Int J STD AIDS. 1995 Sep-Oct;6(5):305-12. doi:10.1177/095646249500600501. PMID: 8547409. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8547409/ 6.1 Paul, E. S. Lichtenberg, L. Borgata, D. A. Grimes, P. G. Stubblefield, & M.D. Creinin (Eds.), 2009. Medical abortion in early pregnancy in Management of unintended and abnormal pregnancy: Pain management (pp.95-97). Chichester, UK: Wiley-Blackwell. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/book/10.1002/9781444313031 6.2 Charles Tacquard, Toshiaki Iba, Jerrold H. Levy; Perioperative Anaphylaxis. Anesthesiology 2023; 138:100–110 doi: https://doi.org/10.1097/ALN.0000000000004419